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1.
Rev. esp. anestesiol. reanim ; 67(6): 292-300, jun.-jul. 2020. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-199521

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: Evaluar la disminución de la transfusión de concentrados de hematíes en el trasplante hepático después de la introducción de la tromboelastometría como monitorización de la coagulación. MÉTODO: Realizamos un estudio de cohortes retrospectivo (n=92), aleatorizado en dos grupos. El grupo A (control), en el cual la terapia de transfusión se basaba en las analíticas convencionales, y el grupo B (ROTEM). Analizamos la transfusión de unidades de concentrado de hematíes, plasma fresco congelado, unidades de plaquetas, así como el uso de fibrinógeno y ácido tranexámico. Usamos el test chi cuadrado para la comparación de proporciones y el test t de Student para la comparación de medias cuando la distribución era normal, y cuando no lo era, el test U de Mann-Whitney. RESULTADOS: En el grupo A, el 84,8% de los pacientes requirieron una transfusión de concentrado de hematíes, con una media de4 (1,5-6), comparado con el 67,4% en el grupo B, con una media de 2 (0-4) (p < 0,05). También encontramos diferencias en las siguientes variables: la transfusión de plasma fresco congelado fue del 84,8%, con una media de 5 (2-12) unidades en el grupo A y el 56,5% de pacientes fueron transfundidos con una media de 1 (0-4,5) en el grupo B (p < 0,001). Respecto a la administración de fibrinógeno, fue del 6,5% en el grupo A y del 34,8% en el grupo B (p < 0,01). El modelo de análisis multivariante nos muestra la asociación existente entre el tiempo de clampaje, la hemoglobina preoperatoria, la hipertensión portal y estar o no en el grupo tratamiento con la necesidad de transfusión perioperatoria. No encontramos diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la incidencia de complicaciones en el postoperatorio inmediato en los dos grupos. CONCLUSIONES: La introducción de un algoritmo basado en la tromboelastometría (ROTEM) en el trasplante hepático reduce la tasa de transfusión de concentrado de hematíes y plasma fresco congelado. El uso de los puntos de corte derivados de la tromboelastometría nos conduce a detectar mayores requerimientos de fibrinógeno comparado con los análisis de laboratorio convencionales


BACKGROUND: Assess the reduction of packed red blood cells (PRBCs) transfusion in liver transplantation (LT) after the introduction of the thromboelastometry as intraoperative coagulation monitor. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study (n=92), randomized into two groups: groupA (control), in whom transfusion therapy was based on conventional laboratory tests (CLT), and groupB (ROTEM), whose blood transfusion was performed as protocolized algorithms, guided by thromboelastometry (ROTEM). We analyzed packed red blood cells (PRBCs) units, transfused units of fresh frozen plasma (FFP), platelets units, fibrinogen and tranexamic acid. We used the chi square test for the comparison of proportions and Student's t test to compare means when the distribution was normal. Otherwise, Mann-Whitney U test was performed. RESULTS: In groupA 84.8% of patients required transfusion of PRBCs, with a median (IQR) of 4 (1.5-6), compared with 67.4% in groupB with a median (IQR) of 2 (0-4) (P<.05). We also found differences in the following variables: FFP transfusion rate was 84.8% with a median (IQR) of 5 (2-12) IU in group A and 56.5% (median (IQR) of 1 (0-4.5) in B (P<.001) and in the fibrinogen administration, that was 6.5% in group A and 34.8% in group B (P<.01). Backward stepwise logistic regression model showed associations between the clamping time, the preoperative hemoglobin, the portal hypertension (PHT) and being or not in the treatment group and the need for perioperative transfusion. We didn't find significant differences in the incidence of complication during the early postoperative period between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: The introduction of thromboelastometry (ROTEM) measurements in hemostatic therapy algorithms reduces the transfusion rate of FFP and PRBCs during liver transplantation. The using of ROTEM derived thresholds leads to detecting higher requirements of fibrinogen compared to conventional laboratory tests


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Perda Sanguínea Cirúrgica/prevenção & controle , Transplante de Fígado/efeitos adversos , Hemostasia Cirúrgica/métodos , Transfusão de Sangue/métodos , Transplante de Fígado/métodos , Tromboelastografia/métodos , Cirrose Hepática/cirurgia , Transtornos da Coagulação Sanguínea/complicações , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Transfusão de Componentes Sanguíneos/métodos
2.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32439229

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Assess the reduction of packed red blood cells (PRBCs) transfusion in liver transplantation (LT) after the introduction of the thromboelastometry as intraoperative coagulation monitor. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study (n=92), randomized into two groups: groupA (control), in whom transfusion therapy was based on conventional laboratory tests (CLT), and groupB (ROTEM), whose blood transfusion was performed as protocolized algorithms, guided by thromboelastometry (ROTEM). We analyzed packed red blood cells (PRBCs) units, transfused units of fresh frozen plasma (FFP), platelets units, fibrinogen and tranexamic acid. We used the chi square test for the comparison of proportions and Student's t test to compare means when the distribution was normal. Otherwise, Mann-Whitney U test was performed. RESULTS: In groupA 84.8% of patients required transfusion of PRBCs, with a median (IQR) of 4 (1.5-6), compared with 67.4% in groupB with a median (IQR) of 2 (0-4) (P<.05). We also found differences in the following variables: FFP transfusion rate was 84.8% with a median (IQR) of 5 (2-12) IU in groupA and 56.5% (median (IQR) of 1 (0-4.5) in B (P<.001) and in the fibrinogen administration, that was 6.5% in groupA and 34.8% in groupB (P<.01). Backward stepwise logistic regression model showed associations between the clamping time, the preoperative hemoglobin, the portal hypertension (PHT) and being or not in the treatment group and the need for perioperative transfusion. We didn't find significant differences in the incidence of complication during the early postoperative period between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: The introduction of thromboelastometry (ROTEM) measurements in hemostatic therapy algorithms reduces the transfusion rate of FFP and PRBCs during liver transplantation. The using of ROTEM derived thresholds leads to detecting higher requirements of fibrinogen compared to conventional laboratory tests.


Assuntos
Transfusão de Eritrócitos/métodos , Transplante de Fígado , Monitorização Intraoperatória/métodos , Plasma , Tromboelastografia , Idoso , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Distribuição Aleatória , Estudos Retrospectivos
3.
Rev. esp. anestesiol. reanim ; 67(supl.1): 52-59, mayo 2020. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-199620

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN: La cirugía cardiaca presenta unas características específicas que hacen que el manejo de la presión arterial sea diferente. Se trata de pacientes con cardiopatías, a veces severas, en los que cualquier estímulo puede provocar una inestabilidad hemodinámica. La necesidad de la circulación extracorpórea define unos escenarios distintos para el manejo de la presión arterial. DESARROLLO: Las causas de inestabilidad hemodinámica son diferentes en la cirugía cardiaca. La optimización de la frecuencia cardiaca, la volemia, las resistencias vasculares periféricas, el manejo durante la circulación extracorpórea y la identificación precoz de cuadros como el síndrome vasopléjico son claves en el mantenimiento de la presión arterial dentro de los límites. CONCLUSIONES: El manejo dentro de los límites de la normalidad de la presión arterial en el caso de la cirugía cardiaca es un factor pronóstico significativo, siendo importante conocer las características específicas de los diferentes escenarios


INTRODUCTION: Cardiac surgery has specific characteristics that make blood pressure management different. These are patients with heart disease, sometimes very severe, in which any stimulus is likely to cause significant hemodynamic instability. In addition, the need for the use of extracorporeal circulation defines different scenarios where neither hypotension nor hypertension can be treated in the same way. DEVELOPMENT: The causes of hemodynamic instability are different in cardiac surgery due to its peculiarities. Optimization of heart rate, volemia, peripheral vascular resistances, management during extracorporeal circulation and early identification of conditions such as vasoplegic syndrome are key in maintaining blood pressure within the limits of normality. CONCLUSIONS: Management within the limits of normal blood pressure in the case of cardiac surgery is an important prognostic factor and the specific characteristics of the different scenarios are important to be known


Assuntos
Humanos , Hipertensão/complicações , Anestesia/métodos , Monitorização Hemodinâmica/métodos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/métodos , Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológico , Anti-Hipertensivos/administração & dosagem , Cuidados Pré-Operatórios/métodos , Complicações Intraoperatórias/prevenção & controle , Hemodinâmica/efeitos dos fármacos
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